Structural geology
Course information
Title of the course:
Structural geology
Responsible for teaching:
Other teachers:
-
Type of the course:
Professional studies
Description
Prerequisites:
-
Brief description of the lecture:
The subject of structural geology. The importance of scale in structural geology. The specific properties of matter. The concept, the characterisation, the types and the measurement of stress(-field). The concept, characterisation and measurement of deformation(-field). The inner and outside circumstances influencing the deformation of rocks. The types of deformation: elastic, plastic, brittle. The types of fractures (joints, normal , inverse and strike-slip faults). Transform fault. Types of faults. The plastic deformation, its geometry, the classification of the folds, multiphase folds. The deformation mechanisms related to folding: buckling and bending, shear, passive and inhomogeneous deformations. The plastic deformation of planar structural elements. The general characteristics and specific structural features of deformed rock bodies, the formation mechanisms of the mylonites and cataclasites, their typical microstructural features. The characterisation, types and formation mechanisms of nappes. Salt tectonics. The behaviour of rocks in the lithosphere.
Practical Course:
Defining stress vectors on given planes. Drawing an optional stress vector on a plane. Calculating compressive stress and tensile stress by using Mohr’s circle. Exercises to determine the relationship between the stress field and the fracture planes arising in rocks.
Field measurements and the necessary devices. The signage system and the representation of structural geological objects. The planar representation of planar and linear elements (projections, stereographic projection). Drawings and calculations by the help of Schmidt’s net. Examining the indicators of tectonic events (tension gashes, stilolites, faults etc.) on rock bodies. Methods for the determination of the finite strain (based on elements with familiar geometry, fossils and hypothetical grain distribution). The analysis of the microstructural markers of the tectonic metamorphites (mylonites and cataclasites). Field survey (fixing the indicators of brittle and plastic deformations along a shear zone, fixing shear indicators).
Recommended reading:
- Csontos L. (1998): Szerkezeti földtan. Egyetemi jegyzet. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó.
- W. D. Means (1976): Stress and Strain. Springer-Verlag
- Meschede, M. (1994): Methoden der Strukturgeologie, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart
- Passchier, C.W.; Trouw, R.A.J. (1996): Microtectonics, Springer, New York Heidelberg Berlin
- Ramsey, J.G.; Huber, M. I. (1983): The techniques of modern structural geology 1-2, Academic Press, London
- R. J. Twiss; E. M. Moores (1992): Structural Geology. Freeman.
