Fundamentals of geophysics
Course information
Title of the course:
Fundamentals of geophysics
Responsible for teaching:
Other teachers:
Dr. Zoltán Unger
Type of course:
Specialization course
Description
Prerequisites:
Physical basis of geosciences, The internal processes of the Earth, Parallel execution of the practice exam is a prerequisite
Brief description of the lecture:
Introduction: the basics of physics (the subject of physics, main fields, application of physical knowledge, mass/density, impulse, voltage, potential, waves, thermal phenomena, radiation, electromagnetic radiation, radioactive radiation, physical fractals)
The physics of the Earth. The place of the Earth in the Universe, in the Milky Way, in the Solar System. The size, shape, density, and the pressure conditions of Earth. The movement of Earth, tide phenomenon, the inner structure of Earth, plate tectonics, earthquakes, seismology, forecasts, size and magnitudes, spatial pattern of earthquakes. Gravitational force field, gravitational acceleration, gravity, effects of terrain (Bouguer plate), isostasy. Geomagnetism. Changes of geomagnetism through space and time. Paleomagnetic thermal phenomenon on the Earth. Origins of paleomagnetism and its changes through space and time. Nuclear processes, natural radioactivity. Absolute dating, the age of Earth.
Geophysics: the field of geophysics and its place among geosciences. Geophysics as an independent research method. Gravimetrics. Eötvös pendulum and its anomalies. The works of Loránd Eötvös. Gravimetric base network. Gravimetric maps of Hungary and their interpretation. Magnetic measurements, magnetic maps of Hungary. Magnetic anomalies and their interpretation. Electric measurements, telluric currents, conductor ampacity of minerals, anomalies regarding electric and electromagnetic measurements and their interpretation. Types of seismic measurements, phases of field work, processing and interpretation. The nuclear processes, natural radioactivity. Absolute dating, radioactive measurements and their applications, thermic measurements and their applications, geothermic anomalies.
Industrial applications: mining (hydrocarbon exploration, carbon exploration, ore exploration, water and thermal water exploration), environmental protection, archaeology, urban development.
Practice:
- Applied geophysics
- Force-field geophysics
- Stress fields, earthquakes, tectonical interpretations;
- Induced Polarization Geophysics;
- Surface geophysical measurements and their interpretation;
- Measurement in hole geophysics and the interpretation of results;
- Foundations of remote sensing and image processing.
Recommended readings:
- Csókás, J. (1989): Mélyfúrási geofizika. Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
- Gálfi, J., Márton, P., Meskó, A., Stegena, L. (1967): Geofizikai kutatási módszerek I-III. Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
- Horváth, F. (1977): A szilárd Föld fizikája. ELTE egyetemi jegyzet, Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
- Kiss, K. (2007): Általános geofizikai alapismeretek. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó Kft.
- Kiss, K., Meskó, A. (1980): Alkalmazott geofizika. ELTE egyetemi jegyzet, Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
- Márton, P. (1969): Általános geofizika. ELTE egyetemi jegyzet, Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
- Takács, E. (1987): Geofizika. Tankönyvkiadó.
