The role of Expanding Clay Minerals in Mass Movements at Hollóháza, Tokaj Mts.
Reference:
Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Szeged 2005, Vol. 46, pp. 63-67
Szerző:
Tibor Zelenka
Péter Kovács-Pálffy
Norbert Trauer
Abstract:
Hollóháza is situated in the NE part of Hungary, in the Tokaj Mts. region neighbouring Slovakia. Hollóháza is surrounded by remnants of the former trenches of a ring-shaped Miocene volcanic caldera, 4-6 kilometres in diameter. The village settled down in the natural cirque of the former caldera. Here rhyolite tuff and clayey marine sediments of various thicknesses (10-20 m) and volume (< 20 km3) are deposited on the andesite basement. The watershed rising over the village is contoured between 250-600 metres. The inner area is about 20 km2, into which yearly approx. 12 mill. m3 water quantity infiltrates and runs down to the catchment area of Török stream. The average annual precipitation is 600-650 mm. The rhyolite tuff of various grain size originally fallen into water alternates with Sarmatian marine clays and has been strongly altered. The covering soil has high clay mineral content, too. Andesitic rocks in the basement have also been transformed into clay minerals, strongly contributing to the occurrence of sliding. All these geological formations may cause different mass movements due to their high swelling clay mineral content.
acta2005, altered andesite, altered rhyolite tuff, landslides, marine clay, Miocene, volcanic caldera
